Method for Modeling Driving Cycles, Fuel Use, and Emissions for Over Snow Vehicles

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• 作者：Jiangchuan Hu ; H. Christopher Frey ; Gurdas S. Sandhu ; Brandon M. Graver ; Gary A. Bishop ; Brent G. Schuchmann ; John D. Ray
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：July 15, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：48
• 期：14
• 页码：8258-8265
• 全文大小：280K
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

As input to a winter use plan, activity, fuel use, and tailpipe exhaust emissions of over snow vehicles (OSV), including five snow coaches and one snowmobile, were measured on a designated route in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Engine load was quantified in terms of vehicle specific power (VSP), which is a function of speed, acceleration, and road grade. Compared to highway vehicles, VSP for OSVs is more sensitive to rolling resistance and less sensitive to aerodynamic drag. Fuel use rates increased linearly (R² > 0.96) with VSP. For gasoline-fueled OSVs, fuel-based emission rates of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) typically increased with increasing fuel use rate, with some cases of very high CO emissions. For the diesel OSVs, which had selective catalytic reduction and diesel particulate filters, fuel-based NO_x and particulate matter (PM) emission rates were not sensitive to fuel flow rate, and the emission controls were effective. Inter vehicle variability in cycle average fuel use and emissions rates for CO and NO_x was substantial. However, there was relatively little inter-cycle variation in cycle average fuel use and emission rates when comparing driving cycles. Recommendations are made regarding how real-world OSV activity, fuel use, and emissions data can be improved.