In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin Potency and the Influence of the pH of Extraction
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- 作者：Carmen Vale ; Amparo Alfonso ; Mercedes R. Vieytes ; Xosé ; Manuel Romarí ; s ; Fabiola Aré ; valo ; Ana M. Botana ; Luis M. Botana
- 刊名：Analytical Chemistry
- 出版年：2008
- 出版时间：March 1, 2008
- 年：2008
- 卷：80
- 期：5
- 页码：1770 - 1776
- 全文大小：126K
- 年卷期：v.80,no.5(March 1, 2008)
- ISSN：1520-6882
文摘
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is one of the mostsevere forms of food poisoning. The toxins responsiblefor this poisoning are natural compounds, which causethe arrest of action potential propagation by binding tovoltage-gated Na+ channels. Several standards for PSPtoxins are nowadays commercially available; however,there is not accessible data on the biological activity ofthe toxins present on this standards and their in vivotoxicity. We have developed an in vitro quantificationmethod for PSP toxins using cultured neurons andcompared the potency of the commercial PSP toxinstandards in this system with their relative toxicity bymouse bioassay. The in vitro potencies of the PSP toxinstandards were saxitoxin (STX) > decarbamoylsaxitoxin(dcSTX) = neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) > gonyautoxins 1, 4(GTX1,4) > decarbamoylneosaxitoxin (dcNeoSTX) > gonyautoxins 2, 3 (GTX2,3) > decarbamoylgonyautoxins 2,3 (dcGTX2,3) > gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5). The data in vitrocorrelated well with the toxicity values obtained by mousebioassay. Using this in vitro model we also provide thefirst data evaluating the potencies of PSP toxins afterextraction in acidic pHs, indicating that the toxicity of thesample increases in acidic conditions. This observationcorrelated well with the chemical transformations undergone by contaminated samples treated in several acidicconditions as corroborated by high-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) detection of the toxins. Therefore, a variation of 2 units in the pH during PSP extractionmay lead to large discrepancies regarding sample lethalityduring official PSP control in different countries. Theresults presented here constitute the first comprehensiveand revised data on the potency of PSP toxins in vitro andtheir in vivo toxicity.