Neuroprotective Potential of Laurus nobilis Antioxidant Polyphenol-Enriched Leaf Extracts

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• 作者：Severina Pacifico ; Marialuisa Gallicchio ; Peter Lorenz ; Sarina M. Duckstein ; Nicoletta Potenza ; Silvia Galasso ; Sabina Marciano ; Antonio Fiorentino ; Florian C. Stintzing ; Pietro Monaco
• 刊名：Chemical Research in Toxicology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：April 21, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：27
• 期：4
• 页码：611-626
• 全文大小：743K
• 年卷期：v.27,no.4(April 21, 2014)
• ISSN：1520-5010

文摘

Oxidative stress has been proposed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer鈥檚 disease (AD), playing a central role in amyloid 尾-protein (A尾) generation and neuronal apoptosis. Oxidative damage directly correlates with the presence of A尾 deposits. A尾 and oxidative stress jointly induce neuronal death, A尾 deposits, gliosis, and memory impairment in AD. In order to counteract AD neurodegeneration, the inhibition of the vicious cycle of A尾 generation and oxidation is an attractive therapeutic strategy, and antiamyloidogenic and antioxidant herbal drugs could represent an alternative and valid approach. In this context, an alcoholic extract from Laurus nobilis leaves (LnM) and seven fractions obtained therefrom were of interest. All extracts prepared through extractive and chromatographic techniques were phytochemically studied by chromatographic techniques including gas chromatography鈥搈ass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography鈥搕andem mass spectrometry (LC-MSⁿ). The potential antioxidant efficacy of the obtained fractions was screened by DPPH^{鈥?/sup> and ABTS鈥? assays, as well as specific assay media characterized from the presence of highly reactive ROS and RNS species (ROO鈥?/sup>, OH鈥?/sup>, O₂鈥⑩€?/sup>, and NO). In order to evaluate the preparation of safe and nontoxic extracts, MTT, SRB, and LDH assays toward SH-5YSY and SK-N-BE(2)-C human neuronal cell lines, as well as on C6 mouse glial cell line, were performed. The apoptosis-inducing properties by spectroscopic evaluation of the extracts鈥?ability to activate caspase-3 and by a DNA fragmentation assay were also investigated. Data thus obtained allowed us to state the absence of toxic effects induced by phenolic-rich fractions (LnM, LnM-1, LnM-1a, LnM-1b, and LnM-2c), which at the same time exerted significant cytoprotective and antioxidant responses in hydrogen peroxide and A尾(25鈥?5)-fragment-oxidized cell systems. The potential antiamyloidogenic efficacy of Laurus nobilis leaf polar extracts in the A尾(25鈥?5) fragment oxidized cell systems was further analyzed by Congo red staining.}