Factors Governing the Formation of Hierarchically and Sequentially Intergrown MFI Zeolites by Using Simple Diquaternary Ammonium Structure-Directing Agents
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- 作者：Sye Hoe Keoh ; Watcharop Chaikittisilp ; Koki Muraoka ; Rino R. Mukti ; Atsushi Shimojima ; Prashant Kumar ; Michael Tsapatsis ; Tatsuya Okubo
- 刊名：Chemistry of Materials
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：December 27, 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：28
- 期：24
- 页码：8997-9007
- 全文大小：933K
- ISSN：1520-5002
文摘
Zeolites with hierarchical structures are of particular interest because such structures can improve molecular diffusion, particularly that of bulky molecules. N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-Hexapropylpentanediammonium cations (Pr6-diquat-5), a simple diquaternary ammonium organic structure-directing agent (OSDA), can direct the formation of hierarchically and sequentially intergrown MFI zeolites without employing any mesoporogens. In this paper, the effects of OSDAs having structures similar to Pr6-diquat-5 but different lengths of alkyl spacers and/or different substituting groups on the phase selectivity and morphology of the resulting zeolites are presented. It was revealed that the number of carbon atoms between two charged nitrogens in the OSDAs significantly affected the intergrowth and morphology of the crystals formed. In addition, the propyl-substituted OSDAs were found to be very selective to the formation of MFI zeolite, whereas the butyl-substituted OSDAs were not. For Pr6-diquat-5, the condition for the formation of hierarchically and sequentially intergrown MFI zeolites was somewhat narrow with the optimized molar composition of 1 SiO2:0.2 Pr6-diquat-5:0.375–0.500 KOH:200 H2O:4 EtOH. Defect lines observed on the obtained zeolite crystals by a transmission electron microscope were considered to be connectors for such intergrowths. The unique intergrowth formed by Pr6-diquat-5 was surmised to be due to the unusual fitting of Pr6-diquat-5 inside the channels of MFI zeolite, which was explained by comparing molecular dimensions and stabilization energies of each OSDA.