Platinum and Palladium Emissions from On-Road Vehicles in the Kaisermühlen Tunnel (Vienna, Austria)

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• 作者：Andreas Limbeck ; Christoph Puls ; Markus Handler
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：July 15, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：41
• 期：14
• 页码：4938 - 4945
• 全文大小：337K
• 年卷期：v.41,no.14(July 15, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Total and size-segregated Pt and Pd emission factorsfrom on-road vehicles were measured in the KaisermühlenTunnel in Vienna, Austria. Aerosol sampling was performedsimultaneously inside and outside the tunnel duringApril and May 2005. Analysis of the acid-digested aerosolsamples was performed using a preconcentrationprocedure with subsequent on-line detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Inside thetunnel distinctly increased Pt and Pd concentrationswere found with highest levels in total suspended particulatematter samples and reduced concentrations in the size-segregated PM10 and PM2.5 samples. Emission factors werecalculated from concentration differences betweentunnel inside and tunnel outside samples, the distancebetween tunnel entrance and sampling location, the ventilationrate, and the number of vehicles passing through thetunnel. Emission rates observed for Pt ranged from 38 ±5.9 to 146 ± 13 ng veh^-1 km^-1, whereas the emission factorsof Pd varied between 13 ± 2.1 and 42 ± 4.1 ng veh^-1km^-1. Variations in the emission rates were assumed tooriginate from alterations in traffic conditions. Size-segregatedinvestigations revealed that the major part of Pt and Pdemissions were released in the coarse aerosol mode (sizefraction >PM10), nevertheless a considerable fraction(~12% and ~22% respectively) was emitted in the inhalablePM2.5 fraction.