Long-Term Evaluation of the Fate of Sulfur Mustard on Dry and Humid Soils, Asphalt, and Concrete
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- 作者：Dana M. Mizrahi ; Michael Goldvaser ; Ishay Columbus
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2011
- 出版时间：April 15, 2011
- 年：2011
- 卷：45
- 期：8
- 页码：3466-3472
- 全文大小：930K
- 年卷期：v.45,no.8(April 15, 2011)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
The long-term fate of the blister agent sulfur mustard (HD, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) was determined in a variety of commercial and natural matrices. HD was found to be extremely stable in dry matrices for over a year. The addition of 5% water to the matrices induced slow degradation of HD, which lasted several months. The major degradation product in sands and asphalt was found to be a sulfonium salt, S[CH2CH2S+(CH2CH2OH)2]2 (H-2TG). Red loam soil, which has not been examined before, exhibited strong interaction with HD, both in dry form and in the presence of water. Humid red loam soil gave rise to unique oxidative degradation products. On humid concrete HD degraded to a complex mixture of products, including vinyls. This may be attributed to the basic sites incorporated in concrete.