SO-MUM: A Coupled Atmospheric Transport and Multimedia Model Used to Predict Intraurban-Scale PCB and PBDE Emissions and Fate
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- 作者：Susan A. Csiszar ; Sreerama M. Daggupaty ; Stephanie Verkoeyen ; Amanda Giang ; Miriam L. Diamond
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：January 2, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：47
- 期：1
- 页码：436-445
- 全文大小：487K
- 年卷期：v.47,no.1(January 2, 2013)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
A spatially resolved, dynamic version of the Multimedia Urban Model (MUM) and the boundary layer forecast and air pollution transport model BLFMAPS were coupled to build Spatially Oriented MUM (SO-MUM), to estimate emissions and fate of POPs in an urban area on a 5 脳 5 km2 cell resolution. SO-MUM was used to back-calculate emissions from spatially resolved measured air concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in Toronto, Canada. Estimated emissions of 危88PCBs were 230 (40鈥?80) kg y鈥?, 280 (50鈥?80) g y鈥? km鈥?, or 90 (16鈥?90) mg y鈥? capita鈥?, and 危26PBDEs were 28 (6鈥?3) kg y鈥?, 34 (7鈥?7) g y鈥? km鈥?, or 11 (2鈥?5) mg y鈥? capita鈥?. A mass inventory of penta- and octa-BDEs in Toronto was estimated to be 200 tonnes (90鈥?000 tonnes) or 80 (40鈥?00) g capita鈥?. Using this estimate and that of 440 (280鈥?00) tonnes of PCBs, estimated emissions of 危88PCBs and 危26PBDEs per mass of chemical inventory in Toronto were 0.5 (0.05鈥?.6) and 0.1 (0.01鈥?.7) g y鈥? kg鈥?, respectively. The results suggest annual emission rates of 0.04% and 0.01% from the mass inventories with downtown accounting for 30% and 16% of Toronto鈥檚 chemical inventory and emissions of PCBs and PBDEs, respectively. Since total PBDE emissions are a function of mass inventory, which is proportional to building volume, we conclude that building volume can be used as a proxy to predict emissions. Per mass inventory emission rates were negatively related to vapor pressure within a compound class, but not consistently when considering all compound congeners.