Pro-inflammatory S100A9 Protein as a Robust Biomarker Differentiating Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease
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- 作者：Istvan Horvath ; Xueen Jia ; Per Johansson ; Chao Wang ; Roman Moskalenko ; Andreas Steinau ; Lars Forsgren ; Thomas W?gberg ; Johan Svensson ; Henrik Zetterberg ; Ludmilla A. Morozova-Roche
- 刊名：ACS Chemical Neuroscience
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：January 20, 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：7
- 期：1
- 页码：34-39
- 全文大小：348K
- ISSN：1948-7193
文摘
Pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 was established as a biomarker of dementia progression and compared with others such as Aβ1–42 and tau-proteins. CSF samples from 104 stringently diagnosed individuals divided into five subgroups were analyzed, including nondemented controls, stable mild cognitive impairment (SMCI), mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) patients. ELISA, dot-blotting, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used as research methods. The S100A9 and Aβ1–42 levels correlated with each other: their CSF content decreased already at the SMCI stage and declined further under MCI-AD, AD, and VaD conditions. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed involvement of both Aβ1–42 and S100A9 in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade already during SMCI. Tau proteins were not yet altered in SMCI; however their contents increased during MCI-AD and AD, diagnosing later dementia stages. Thus, four biomarkers together, reflecting different underlying pathological causes, can accurately differentiate dementia progression and also distinguish AD from VaD.