Global Spatial Indexing of the Human Impact on Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn Mobilization

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• 作者：Jason N. Rauch
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：August 1, 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：44
• 期：15
• 页码：5728-5734
• 全文大小：423K
• 年卷期：v.44,no.15(August 1, 2010)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

With increasing consumption of material by human activity, the extent of human influence relative to nature in the mobilization of metals and other elements on Earth continues to grow. Recognizing people as modern geomorphic agents, I produced global data layers at 1° × 1° of human-mediated mass flows (coal combustion, biomass burning, and mining) and nature-mediated mass flows (net primary productivity, sea salt aerosol emission, and denudation to the oceans) for the industrial metals of aluminum, iron, copper, and zinc for the year 2000. The major mobilization processes are denudation (natural) and mining (anthropic), though net primary productivity for Zn and Cu and coal combustion for Al are nearly as significant. All flows are subsequently combined into an index representing human versus nature flow dominance. As the first maps of mobilization flows of metals widely used by modern technology, they reveal that 1−5% (depending upon the metal) of Earth’s land surface now has metal flow dominated by human activity.