Urinary PAH Metabolites as Biomarkers of Exposure in Aquatic Environments

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• 作者：Gilberto Fillmann ; Giles M. Watson ; Mike Howsam ; Eleine Francioni ; Michael H. Depledge ; and James W. Readman
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2004
• 出版时间：May 1, 2004
• 年：2004
• 卷：38
• 期：9
• 页码：2649 - 2656
• 全文大小：172K
• 年卷期：v.38,no.9(May 1, 2004)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

While immunoassays have been extensively applied toevaluate environmental contamination, to date they haverarely been used for the analysis of biological fluids outsideof human medicine. These media are important becausepollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)and their metabolites become concentrated in tissues,body fluids, and excreta, thereby offering a measure ofexposure to biologically available contaminants. Suchanalyses also provide a nondestructive tool for monitoringexposure. Crabs (Carcinus maenas) were exposed tophenanthrene and pyrene (separately) at concentrationsranging from 0 to 200 mages/entities/mgr.gif">g L^-1. After 48 h, urine samples weretaken and analyzed by immunoassay and UV-fluorescencespectrophotometry. Urinary levels (calibrated againsthydroxylated metabolites) proved to be dose dependentfor both compounds, and good agreement was demonstratedbetween the immunoassay and the fluorescence techniques.The cross reactivity of the immunochemical technique(ELISA) for pyrene and hydroxy-metabolites was lower thanfor phenanthrene. HPLC analyses demonstrated thaturine from the crabs exposed to pyrene contained mainlyconjugate PAH metabolites whose concentrations (thesum of the four main pyrene metabolites/conjugates) showedvery good agreement with the ELISA (r² > 0.94) andfluorescence (r² > 0.91) data. Environmental samples werealso analyzed by ELISA and UV-fluorescence, and bothtechniques detected PAH (mainly petrogenic) contaminationin the urine samples from a polluted harbor. These datademonstrate the potential of urine analyses by ELISA and UV-fluorescence to measure exposure of crabs to PAH.