Composition of Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Exhaust Particulate Matter in the Denver, Colorado Area

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• 作者：Steven H. Cadle ; Patricia A. Mulawa ; Eric C. Hunsanger ; Ken Nelson ; Ronald A. Ragazzi ; Richard Barrett ; Gerald L. Gallagher ; Douglas R. Lawson ; Kenneth T. Knapp ; and Richard Snow
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：1999
• 出版时间：July 15, 1999
• 年：1999
• 卷：33
• 期：14
• 页码：2328 - 2339
• 全文大小：174K
• 年卷期：v.33,no.14(July 15, 1999)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

A study to characterize particulate matter emissions from195 in-use gasoline and diesel passenger vehicles wasconducted during the summer of 1996 and the winter of 1997in the Denver, Colorado region. Vehicles were tested asreceived on chassis dynamometers using the Federal TestProcedure (FTP) Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule(UDDS). Both PM-10 and regulated emissions were measuredfor each phase of the UDDS. Approximately 88% of the PM-10 collected was carbonaceous material, of which theaverage organic fraction was 0.7 for gasoline vehicles and0.4 for diesel vehicles. This suggests that the organiccarbon (OC) to elemental carbon (EC) split may be usefulin separating light-duty gasoline from diesel PM emissions.Sulfate emission rates averaged 0.45 and 3.51 mg/mi forgasoline and diesel vehicles, indicating that the EPA's mobileemissions model overpredicts sulfate emission rates.Elements identified by X-ray fluorescence averaged between3 and 9% of the PM-10 mass. Polynuclear aromatichydrocarbon (PAH) profiles developed may help distinguishbetween gasoline and diesel vehicles in source apportionment studies. Total PAH emissions, however, were not agood candidate as a tracer of gasoline PM emissions. Hopaneand sterane emissions were very similar across the fleetand may be useful tracers for mobile source PM emissions.Overall, emission rates varied significantly with vehicleclassification and driving condition, suggesting that a singleprofile representing the entire fleet will need to carefullyreflect the local fleet composition and the local weighting ofcold, hot, and hot-stabilized emissions.