Identification of Ritual Blood in African Artifacts Using TOF-SIMS and Synchrotron Radiation Microspectroscopies

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• 作者：Vincent Mazel ; Pascale Richardin ; Delphine Debois ; David Touboul ; Marine Cotte ; Alain Brunelle ; Philippe Walter ; Olivier Lapr&eacute ; vote
• 刊名：Analytical Chemistry
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：December 15, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：79
• 期：24
• 页码：9253 - 9260
• 全文大小：621K
• 年卷期：v.79,no.24(December 15, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-6882

文摘

A new protocol is implemented to demonstrate the presence of blood in the patina of African art objects from Mali.Divided into three steps, the protocol first consists indemonstrating the presence of proteins and localizingthem in the sample's cross sections using time-of-flightsecondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and synchrotron-based infrared microspectrometry (FT-IR). Ina second time, TOF-SIMS is used to investigate heme,which is a blood marker. If heme is missing, which couldmean that it is too degraded to be detected, X-ray microfluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption near-edge microspectroscopy (XANES) are used to prove the presenceof iron in the protein area and to get a fingerprint of itschemical environment. This permits us thus to demonstrate that iron is indeed linked with proteins and not withmineral phases of the sample. Coupled with the ritualcontext of the objects, this constitutes a proof of the useof blood. Thanks to this protocol, which has the majoradvantage of avoiding false positive results, the presenceof blood has been demonstrated in seven out of the eightstudied samples.