Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Accumulation in an Agricultural Soil Ecosystem Receiving Wastewater Sludge Amendments

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• 作者：Michael O. Gaylor ; Greg L. Mears ; Ellen Harvey ; Mark J. La Guardia ; Robert C. Hale
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：June 17, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：48
• 期：12
• 页码：7034-7043
• 全文大小：363K
• 年卷期：v.48,no.12(June 17, 2014)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Few studies have addressed bioaccumulation of organic pollutants associated with land-application of biosolids. We thus examined PBDE burdens within a soil ecosystem receiving long-term sludge amendments and a reference soil ecosystem receiving only manure inputs. No PBDEs were detected in reference site samples, but sludge-amended soils contained 17鈥?00 卤 2330 渭g/kg 鈭?sub>3鈥?PBDE (total organic carbon (TOC) basis). 鈭?sub>3鈥?PBDE burdens were highest in soil invertebrates with the greatest contact with sludge-amended soil (e.g., 鈭?sub>3鈥?PBDE of 10鈥?00 卤 2670 and 3000 卤 200 渭g/kg lipid for earthworms and detritivorous woodlice, respectively). PBDEs were below quantitation limits in vegetation from the sludge-amended site. Surprisingly, we measured quantifiable PBDE burdens in only a single sample of predaceous ground spiders from the sludge-amended site. BDE-209 burdens in sludge-amended soil and earthworms were 7500 卤 2800 渭g/kg TOC and 6500 卤 4100 渭g/kg lipid, respectively. BDE 209 was detected in fewer taxa, but the burden in a detritivorous millipede composite was high (86鈥?00 渭g/kg lipid). PBDE congener patterns differed among species, with worms and ground beetles exhibiting Penta-BDE-like patterns. Penta-BDE biota-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) ranged from 0.006 to 1.2, while BDE-209 BSAFs ranged from 0.07 to 10.5. 未¹³C and 未¹⁵N isotope signatures were poorly correlated with PBDE burdens, but sludge-amended samples were significantly 未¹⁵N enriched.