Tissue Lead Concentration during Chronic Exposure of Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) to Lead Nitrate in Aquarium Water

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• 作者：Eric G. Spokas ; Bernd W. Spur ; Holly Smith ; Francis W. Kemp ; John D. Bogden
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2006
• 出版时间：November 1, 2006
• 年：2006
• 卷：40
• 期：21
• 页码：6852 - 6858
• 全文大小：146K
• 年卷期：v.40,no.21(November 1, 2006)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The fathead minnow is a useful species for evaluating thetoxicity of wastewater effluents. While this fish is widelyused for "survival" studies of metal toxicity, little or no workhas been done on the tissue distribution of metals infathead minnows. To determine the distribution of tissuelead, aquarium studies were conducted for several weekswith fish maintained in soft synthetic freshwater. Lead(II) nitrate was added to three aquaria attaining concentrationsof 20-30 ppb (aquarium B), 100-140 ppb (aquarium C),and roughly 200 ppb (aquarium D). Results were comparedto controls (aquarium A). During the initial week, themajority of aquarium D fish died, whereas few deathsoccurred in the other groups. Lead accumulation was dose-and tissue-dependent, with highest uptake by the gills.Gill concentrations of aquarium D fish averaged about 4-foldhigher than in skeleton or skin and muscle. In vitro, lead (2.5-25 ppm) caused dose-dependent reductions in the ratioof reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ingills incubated in physiological buffer. These findingsdemonstrate that fathead minnow gills bind and accumulatewaterborne lead rapidly and preferentially and raise thepossibility that gill lipid peroxidation contributes to lead toxicityat low water hardness.