Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Related Fluorinated Hydrocarbons in Marine Mammals, Fishes, and Birds from Coasts of the Baltic and the Mediterranean Seas

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• 作者：Kurunthachalam Kannan ; Simonetta Corsolini ; Jerzy Falandysz ; Gü ; nter Oehme ; Silvano Focardi ; and John P. Giesy
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2002
• 出版时间：August 1, 2002
• 年：2002
• 卷：36
• 期：15
• 页码：3210 - 3216
• 全文大小：78K
• 年卷期：v.36,no.15(August 1, 2002)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; C₈F₁₇SO₃^-), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA; C₈F₁₇SO₂NH₂), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS; C₆F₁₃SO₃^-), and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA; C₇F₁₅CO₂^-) were detected in 175 samples of liverand blood of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), swordfish (Xiphiasgladius), common cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo),bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), striped dolphins(Stenella coeruleoalba), common dolphins (Delphinus delphi),fin whales (Balenoptera physalus), and long-finned pilotwhales (Globicephala melas) from the Italian coast of theMediterranean Sea and in livers of ringed seals (Phocahispida), gray seals (Halichoerus grypus), white-tailed seaeagles (Haliaeetus albicilla), and Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar) from coastal areas of the Baltic Sea. PFOS was detectedin all of the wildlife species analyzed. Concentrations ofPFOS in blood decreased in order of bottlenose dolphins >bluefin tuna > swordfish. Mean PFOS concentrations (61 ng/g, wet wt) in cormorant livers collected from SardiniaIsland in the Mediterranean Sea were less than theconcentrations of PFOA (95 ng/g, wet wt). PFOS concentrationsin cormorant livers were significantly correlated withthose of PFOA. FOSA was found in 14 of 19 livers or bloodsamples of marine mammals from the MediterraneanSea. The highest concentration of 878 ng FOSA/g, wet wt,was found in the liver of a common dolphin. Livers ofringed and gray seals from the Bothnian Bay in the BalticSea contained PFOS concentrations ranging from 130 to1100 ng/g, wet wt. No relationships between PFOSconcentrations and ages of ringed or gray seals wereobserved. Concentrations of PFOS in livers of seals were2.7-5.5-fold greater than those in corresponding blood. Asignificant positive correlation existed between the PFOSconcentrations in liver and blood, which indicates that bloodcan be used for nonlethal monitoring of PFOS. Trendanalysis of PFOS concentrations in livers of white-tailedsea eagles collected from eastern Germany and Poland since1979 indicated an increase in concentrations during the1990s. Livers of Atlantic salmons did not contain quantifiableconcentrations of any of the fluorochemicals monitored.PFOS is a widespread contaminant in wildlife from the Balticand the Mediterranean Seas, while FOSA and PFOAwere detected only in certain locations indicating theirsporadic spatial distribution.