Dextrin鈥揅olistin Conjugates as a Model Bioresponsive Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Infections

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• 作者：Elaine L. Ferguson ; Ernest Azzopardi ; Jessica L. Roberts ; Timothy R. Walsh ; David W. Thomas
• 刊名：Molecular Pharmaceutics
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 1, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：11
• 期：12
• 页码：4437-4447
• 全文大小：588K
• ISSN：1543-8392

文摘

Polymer therapeutics offer potential benefits in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) infections; affording targeted delivery of biologically active agents to the site of inflammation, potential decreases in systemic toxicity, and the retention of antimicrobial activity at the target site. As a prototype model, these studies developed and characterized a library of dextrin鈥揷olistin conjugates (dextrin molecular weight: 7500鈥?8鈥?00 g/mol) as a means of targeting the delivery of colistin. Optimum colistin release kinetics (following dextrin degradation by physiological concentrations of amylase (100 IU/L)) were observed in conjugates containing low molecular weight (鈭?500 g/mol) dextrin with 鈭? mol % succinoylation (鈭?0% drug release within 48 h, compared to 鈭?3% from sodium colistin methanesulfonate (CMS, Colomycin)). These conjugates exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity to CMS in conventional MIC assays against a range of Gram-negative pathogens, but with significantly reduced in vitro toxicity toward kidney (IC₅₀ = CMS, 15.4 渭g/mL; dextrin鈥揷olistin, 63.9 渭g/mL) and macrophage (IC₅₀ = CMS, 111.3 渭g/mL; dextrin鈥揷olistin, 303.9 渭g/mL) cells. In vivo dose-escalation studies in rats demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics of the conjugates, with prolonged plasma levels of colistin (t_1/2 135鈥?271 min vs 53 min) and decreased toxicity, compared to colistin sulfate. These studies highlight the potential utility of 鈥渘anoantibiotic鈥?polymer therapeutics to aid the safe, effective, and targeted delivery of colistin in the management of MDR infections.

Keywords:

nanomedicines; PUMPT; polymer therapeutics; infection; bioresponsive; Gram-negative bacteria