Biological Treatment of TNT-Contaminated Soil. 2. Biologically Induced Immobilization of the Contaminants and Full-Scale Application
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- 作者：Hiltrud Lenke ; Jü ; rgen Warrelmann ; Gregor Daun ; Kerstin Hund ; Ute Sieglen ; Ulrich Walter ; and Hans-Joachim Knackmuss
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：1998
- 出版时间：July 1, 1998
- 年：1998
- 卷：32
- 期：13
- 页码：1964 - 1971
- 全文大小：182K
- 年卷期：v.32,no.13(July 1, 1998)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Anaerobic treatment of originally contaminated soil froma former ammunition plant was carried out in a laboratoryslurry reactor. While fermenting glucose to ethanol,acetate, and propionate, the anaerobic bacteria completelyreduced the nitro groups of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)andaminodinitrotoluenes, which led to a complete andirreversible binding of the reduced products to the soil.2,4-Dinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinewere also reduced in the soil slurry and were no longerdetectable after the anaerobic treatment. Tomineralizethe fermentation products, a subsequent aerobic treatmentwas necessary to complete the bioremediation process.This bioremediation process was tested in a technicalscale at Hessisch Lichtenau-Hirschhagen, Germany. Asludge reactor (Terranox system) was filled with 18m3of contaminated soil (main contaminants were TNT, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine)and10 m3 of water. The anaerobic stage was carried outbyperiodical feeding of sucrose. The sludge was subsequently dewatered and treated aerobically. Chemicalanalysisrevealed an overall reduction of more than 99% of thecontaminants. Ecotoxicological tests performed withvariousaquatic systems (luminescent bacteria, daphnids, algae)and terrestrial systems (respiring bacteria, nitrifyingbacteria, cress plants, earth worms) showed that residualtoxicity could not be detected after the anaerobic/aerobictreatment.