A New Process To Develop a Cocoa Powder with Higher Flavonoid Monomer Content and Enhanced Bioavailability in Healthy Humans
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- 作者：Francisco A. Tomas-Barberá ; n ; Elena Cienfuegos-Jovellanos ; Alicia Marí ; n ; Begoñ ; a Muguerza ; Angel Gil-Izquierdo ; Begoñ ; a Cerdá ; Pilar Zafrilla ; Juana Morillas ; Juana Mul
- 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：May 16, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：55
- 期：10
- 页码：3926 - 3935
- 全文大小：457K
- 年卷期：v.55,no.10(May 16, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5118
文摘
Cocoa is a food rich in polyphenols, mainly the flavonoid procyanidins and flavan-3-ols. Theimprovement of the cardiovascular function in humans upon cocoa consumption has been specificallylinked to the presence of flavan-3-ol derived metabolites in plasma, especially epicatechin glucuronide.In this context, a flavonoid-enriched cocoa-derived product could potentially exert stronger healthbenefits. The aim of the present study was to obtain a cocoa powder with a higher flavonoid content(mainly enriched in monomer compounds) and assess its flavonoid bioavailability in humans. Forthis purpose, an unfermented, nonroasted, and blanch-treated cocoa powder (A) was obtained. Thepowder contained four times more procyanidins than a conventional (B) cocoa powder. Powder Acontained eight times more epicatechin and procyanidin B2 than powder B. Cocoa milk drinks wereprepared with powder A (MDA) and B (MDB). The bioavailability of flavonoids in both drinks wasassessed in a crossover intervention with healthy volunteers. The content of epicatechin glucuronide,the main metabolite detected in plasma, was five-fold higher upon consumption of MDA as comparedwith MDB. The urinary excretion of metabolites, mainly methyl epicatechin sulfate, was higher uponMDA consumption as compared with MDB, ranging from two- to 12-fold higher depending on themetabolite. These results, together with previous reports regarding the cardiovascular benefits linkedto the presence of procyanidin metabolites in plasma, suggest that further clinical trials to validatethe health benefits of a flavonoid-enriched cocoa powder are warranted.