Anatomy and Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Almond (Prunus dulcis D. A. Webb) Seeds

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• 作者：Fernando Dourado ; Antó ; nio Barros ; Manuel Mota ; Manuel A. Coimbra ; and Francisco M. Gama
• 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• 出版年：2004
• 出版时间：March 10, 2004
• 年：2004
• 卷：52
• 期：5
• 页码：1364 - 1370
• 全文大小：704K
• 年卷期：v.52,no.5(March 10, 2004)
• ISSN：1520-5118

文摘

The anatomy of Prunus dulcis was analyzed by applying several differential staining techniques andlight microscopy. Prunus dulcis seed has a thin and structurally complex seed coat, with lignifiedcellulosic tissue. The embryo has two voluminous cotyledons. Cotyledon cells have a high numberof protein and lipid bodies, some of which have phytin. The provascular tissue, located in thecotyledons, is oriented in small bundles perpendicular to the transverse embryonic axis. Prunus dulciscell wall material is very rich in arabinose (45 mol %). Glucose (23%), uronic acids (12%), and xylose(12%) are also major sugar components. The polymers obtained from the imidazole and Na₂CO₃extracts contain mainly pectic substances rich in arabinose, but the sugar content of these extractswas very low. The majority of the pectic substances (also rich in arabinose) was recovered with theKOH extracts. These extracts, with high sugar content, yielded also xyloglucans and acidic xylans.The 4 M KOH + H₃BO₃ extracts yielded polysaccharides rich in uronic acids and xylose and veryrich in arabinose, accounting for 27% of the cell wall material.Keywords: Prunus dulcis; almond; seed structure; cell wall polysaccharides; light microscopy