Secondary Effects of Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filters: Copper-Induced Formation of PCDD/Fs

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• 作者：Norbert V. Heeb ; Markus Zennegg ; Erika Gujer ; Peter Honegger ; Kerstin Zeyer ; Urs Gfeller ; Adrian Wichser ; Martin Kohler ; Peter Schmid ; Lukas Emmenegger ; Andrea Ulrich ; Daniela Wenger ; Jean-Luc Peterma
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：August 15, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：41
• 期：16
• 页码：5789 - 5794
• 全文大小：522K
• 年卷期：v.41,no.16(August 15, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Potential risks of a secondary formation of polychlorinateddibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) were assessed for twocordierite-based, wall-through diesel particulate filters (DPFs)for which soot combustion was either catalyzed with aniron- or a copper-based fuel additive. A heavy duty dieselengine was used as test platform, applying the eight-stage ISO 8178/4 C1 cycle. DPF applications neither affectedthe engine performance, nor did they increase NO, NO₂,CO, and CO₂ emissions. The latter is a metric for fuelconsumption. THC emissions decreased by about 40% whendeploying DPFs. PCDD/F emissions, with a focus ontetra- to octachlorinated congeners, were compared understandard and worst case conditions (enhanced chlorineuptake). The iron-catalyzed DPF neither increased PCDD/Femissions, nor did it change the congener pattern, evenwhen traces of chlorine became available. In case of copper,PCDD/F emissions increased by up to 3 orders of magnitudefrom 22 to 200 to 12 700 pg I-TEQ/L with fuels of <2,14, and 110 g/g chlorine, respectively. Mainly lowerchlorinated DD/Fs were formed. Based on these substantialeffects on PCDD/F emissions, the copper-catalyzed DPFsystem was not approved for workplace applications, whereasthe iron system fulfilled all the specifications of theSwiss procedures for DPF approval (VERT).