Source Apportionment of Organic Pollutants of a Highway-Traffic-Influenced Urban Area in Bayreuth (Germany) Using Biomarker and Stable Carbon Isotope Signatures
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- 作者：Bruno Glaser ; Annekatrin Dreyer ; Michael Bock ; Stefan Fiedler ; Marion Mehring ; and Tobias Heitmann
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2005
- 出版时间：June 1, 2005
- 年：2005
- 卷：39
- 期：11
- 页码：3911 - 3917
- 全文大小：171K
- 年卷期：v.39,no.11(June 1, 2005)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Traffic- and urban-influenced areas are prone to enhancedpollution with products of incomplete combustion offossil fuels and biomass such as black carbon or polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Black carbon is composedof aromatic and graphitic structures and may act as acarrier for pollutants such as PAHs and heavy metals.However, little is known about possible contributions of traffic-derived black carbon to the black carbon inventory insoils. Similar uncertainties exist regarding the contributionof different pollutant sources to total PAH and blackcarbon contents. Therefore, the objective of this studywas to quantify the importance of traffic pollution to blackcarbon and PAH inventories in soils. PAH contaminationof soils adjacent to a major German highway in the urbanarea of Bayreuth with about 50 000 vehicles per daywas in the same order of magnitude compared to highway-close soils reported in other studies. Using molecular(black carbon and PAHs) and compound-specific stablecarbon isotope evidence (PAHs) it was demonstrated thatthis contamination originated not only from automobileexhausts, here primarily diesel, but also from tire abrasionand tailpipe soot which significantly contributed to the traffic-caused black carbon and PAH contamination. Lowmolecular weight PAHs were more widely transportedthan their heavy molecular counterparts (local distillation),whereas highway-traffic-caused black carbon contaminationwas distributed to at least 30 m from the highway. On theother hand, urban fire exhausts were distributed morehomogeneously among the urban area.