Natural Products As Sources of New Drugs over the 30 Years from 1981 to 2010
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- 作者：David J. Newman ; Gordon M. Cragg
- 刊名：Journal of Natural Products
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：March 23, 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：75
- 期：3
- 页码：311-335
- 全文大小：760K
- 年卷期：v.75,no.3(March 23, 2012)
- ISSN：1520-6025
文摘
This review is an updated and expanded version of the three prior reviews that were published in this journal in 1997, 2003, and 2007. In the case of all approved therapeutic agents, the time frame has been extended to cover the 30 years from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 2010, for all diseases worldwide, and from 1950 (earliest so far identified) to December 2010 for all approved antitumor drugs worldwide. We have continued to utilize our secondary subdivision of a 鈥渘atural product mimic鈥?or 鈥淣M鈥?to join the original primary divisions and have added a new designation, 鈥渘atural product botanical鈥?or 鈥淣B鈥? to cover those botanical 鈥渄efined mixtures鈥?that have now been recognized as drug entities by the FDA and similar organizations. From the data presented, the utility of natural products as sources of novel structures, but not necessarily the final drug entity, is still alive and well. Thus, in the area of cancer, over the time frame from around the 1940s to date, of the 175 small molecules, 131, or 74.8%, are other than 鈥淪鈥?(synthetic), with 85, or 48.6%, actually being either natural products or directly derived therefrom. In other areas, the influence of natural product structures is quite marked, with, as expected from prior information, the anti-infective area being dependent on natural products and their structures. Although combinatorial chemistry techniques have succeeded as methods of optimizing structures and have been used very successfully in the optimization of many recently approved agents, we are able to identify only one de novo combinatorial compound approved as a drug in this 30-year time frame. We wish to draw the attention of readers to the rapidly evolving recognition that a significant number of natural product drugs/leads are actually produced by microbes and/or microbial interactions with the 鈥渉ost from whence it was isolated鈥? and therefore we consider that this area of natural product research should be expanded significantly.