In-Use Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions on Three Driving Cycles
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- 作者：Steven H. Cadle ; Patricia Mulawa ; Peter Groblicki ; Chris Laroo ; Ronald A. Ragazzi ; Ken Nelson ; Gerald Gallagher ; and Barbara Zielinska
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2001
- 出版时间：January 1, 2001
- 年：2001
- 卷：35
- 期：1
- 页码：26 - 32
- 全文大小：79K
- 年卷期：v.35,no.1(January 1, 2001)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Twenty-four properly functioning and six high carbonmonoxide emission light-duty gasoline vehicles were emissiontested in Denver, CO, using the Federal Test Procedure(FTP), a hot start Unified Cycle (UC), and the REP05 drivingcycles at 35 
F. All were 1990-1997 model year vehiclestested on both an oxygenated and a nonoxygenated fuel.PM10 emission rates for the properly functioning vehiclesusing oxygenated fuel averaged 6.1, 3.6, and 12.7 mg/mifor the FTP, UC, and REP05, respectively. The correspondingvalues for the high emitters were 52, 28, and 24 mg/mi.Use of oxygenated fuel significantly reduces PM10 on theFTP, with all the reduction occurring during the coldstart. MOUDI impactor samples showed that 33 and 69%of the PM mass was smaller than 0.1 
m for the FTP andREP05 cycles, respectively, when collected under standardlaboratory conditions. Particle number counts weremuch higher on the REP05 than the FTP. Counts wereobtained using secondary dilution of samples drawn fromthe standard dilution tunnel. FTP PM10 was mostlycarbonaceous material, 36% of which was classified asorganic. For the REP05, as much as 20% of the PM10 wassulfate and associated water. Forty-five percent of theREP05 PM carbon emissions was classified as organic.Driving cycle had a significant impact on the distributionof the emitted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
F. All were 1990-1997 model year vehiclestested on both an oxygenated and a nonoxygenated fuel.PM10 emission rates for the properly functioning vehiclesusing oxygenated fuel averaged 6.1, 3.6, and 12.7 mg/mifor the FTP, UC, and REP05, respectively. The correspondingvalues for the high emitters were 52, 28, and 24 mg/mi.Use of oxygenated fuel significantly reduces PM10 on theFTP, with all the reduction occurring during the coldstart. MOUDI impactor samples showed that 33 and 69%of the PM mass was smaller than 0.1 m for the FTP andREP05 cycles, respectively, when collected under standardlaboratory conditions. Particle number counts weremuch higher on the REP05 than the FTP. Counts wereobtained using secondary dilution of samples drawn fromthe standard dilution tunnel. FTP PM10 was mostlycarbonaceous material, 36% of which was classified asorganic. For the REP05, as much as 20% of the PM10 wassulfate and associated water. Forty-five percent of theREP05 PM carbon emissions was classified as organic.Driving cycle had a significant impact on the distributionof the emitted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.