Fate of Pentabrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Soil: Abiotic Sorption, Plant Uptake, and the Impact of Interspecific Plant Interactions
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Kevin E. Mueller ; Sabrina R. Mueller-Spitz ; Heather F. Henry ; Anne P. Vonderheide ; Rajiv S. Soman ; Brian K. Kinkle ; Jodi R. Shann
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2006
- 出版时间：November 1, 2006
- 年：2006
- 卷：40
- 期：21
- 页码：6662 - 6667
- 全文大小：160K
- 年卷期：v.40,no.21(November 1, 2006)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are potentiallyharmful and persistent environmental pollutants. Despiteevidence that soils are a major sink for PBDEs, little is knownregarding their behavior in this medium. An environmentallyrelevant level of a commercial penta-BDE mixture (75 
gkg-1) was added to topsoil, and the extractability of threecongeners (BDE-47, -99, and -100) was monitored over10 weeks in planted and unplanted treatments. Theextractability of each congener decreased rapidly in theexperimental soil due largely to abiotic sorption to soilparticles, which was demonstrated by low PBDE recoveryfrom sterilized and dry soils. Monoculture plantings ofzucchini and radish did not affect the recovery of PBDEsfrom soil. However, PBDE recovery from mixed speciesplantings was nearly 8 times higher than that of unplantedand monoculture treatments, indicating that interspecificplant interactions may enhance PBDE bioavailablity in soil.Evidence for competitive interactions between the twospecies was revealed by reduced shoot biomass of zucchiniplants in mixed treatments relative to pots containingonly zucchini. Both plant species accumulated PBDEs inroot and shoot tissue (<5 g kg-1 plant tissue). PBDE uptakewas higher in zucchini, and translocation of PBDEs tozucchini shoots was congener-specific. Our results suggestthat although abiotic sorption may limit the potential forhuman exposure to PBDEs in soil, plants may increase theexposure risk by taking up and translocating PBDEs intoaboveground tissues and by enhancing bioavailability in soil.
gkg-1) was added to topsoil, and the extractability of threecongeners (BDE-47, -99, and -100) was monitored over10 weeks in planted and unplanted treatments. Theextractability of each congener decreased rapidly in theexperimental soil due largely to abiotic sorption to soilparticles, which was demonstrated by low PBDE recoveryfrom sterilized and dry soils. Monoculture plantings ofzucchini and radish did not affect the recovery of PBDEsfrom soil. However, PBDE recovery from mixed speciesplantings was nearly 8 times higher than that of unplantedand monoculture treatments, indicating that interspecificplant interactions may enhance PBDE bioavailablity in soil.Evidence for competitive interactions between the twospecies was revealed by reduced shoot biomass of zucchiniplants in mixed treatments relative to pots containingonly zucchini. Both plant species accumulated PBDEs inroot and shoot tissue (<5 g kg-1 plant tissue). PBDE uptakewas higher in zucchini, and translocation of PBDEs tozucchini shoots was congener-specific. Our results suggestthat although abiotic sorption may limit the potential forhuman exposure to PBDEs in soil, plants may increase theexposure risk by taking up and translocating PBDEs intoaboveground tissues and by enhancing bioavailability in soil.