Comparison of Asian Aquaculture Products by Use of Statistically Supported Life Cycle Assessment

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• 作者：Patrik J. G. Henriksson ; Andreu Rico ; Wenbo Zhang ; Sk. Ahmad-Al-Nahid ; Richard Newton ; Lam T. Phan ; Zongfeng Zhang ; Jintana Jaithiang ; Hai M. Dao ; Tran M. Phu ; David C. Little ; Francis J. Murray ; Kriengkrai Satapornvanit ; Liping Liu ; Qigen Liu ; M. Mahfujul Haque ; Froukje Kruijssen ; Geert R. de Snoo ; Reinout Heijungs ; Peter M. van Bodegom ; Jeroen B. Guin茅e
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 15, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：49
• 期：24
• 页码：14176-14183
• 全文大小：367K
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

We investigated aquaculture production of Asian tiger shrimp, whiteleg shrimp, giant river prawn, tilapia, and pangasius catfish in Bangladesh, China, Thailand, and Vietnam by using life cycle assessments (LCAs), with the purpose of evaluating the comparative eco-efficiency of producing different aquatic food products. Our starting hypothesis was that different production systems are associated with significantly different environmental impacts, as the production of these aquatic species differs in intensity and management practices. In order to test this hypothesis, we estimated each system鈥檚 global warming, eutrophication, and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts. The contribution to these impacts and the overall dispersions relative to results were propagated by Monte Carlo simulations and dependent sampling. Paired testing showed significant (p < 0.05) differences between the median impacts of most production systems in the intraspecies comparisons, even after a Bonferroni correction. For the full distributions instead of only the median, only for Asian tiger shrimp did more than 95% of the propagated Monte Carlo results favor certain farming systems. The major environmental hot-spots driving the differences in environmental performance among systems were fishmeal from mixed fisheries for global warming, pond runoff and sediment discards for eutrophication, and agricultural pesticides, metals, benzalkonium chloride, and other chlorine-releasing compounds for freshwater ecotoxicity. The Asian aquaculture industry should therefore strive toward farming systems relying upon pelleted species-specific feeds, where the fishmeal inclusion is limited and sourced sustainably. Also, excessive nutrients should be recycled in integrated organic agriculture together with efficient aeration solutions powered by renewable energy sources.