Modeling the Effect of Snow and Ice on the Global Environmental Fate and Long-Range Transport Potential of Semivolatile Organic Compounds
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- 作者：Judith Stocker ; Martin Scheringer ; Fabio Wegmann ; Konrad Hungerbü ; hler
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：September 1, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：41
- 期：17
- 页码：6192 - 6198
- 全文大小：321K
- 年卷期：v.41,no.17(September 1, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Snow and ice have been implemented in a globalmultimedia box model to investigate the influence ofthese media on the environmental fate and long-rangetransport (LRT) of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs).Investigated compounds include HCB, PCB28, PCB180,PBDE47, PBDE209, 
-HCH, and dacthal. In low latitudes,snow acts as a transfer medium taking up chemicals fromair and releasing them to water or soil during snowmelt.In high latitudes, snow and ice shield water, soil, andvegetation from chemical deposition. In the model versionincluding snow and ice (scenario 2), the mass of chemicalsin soil in high latitudes is between 27% (HCB) and 97% (-HCH) of the mass calculated with the model versionwithout snow and ice (scenario 1). Amounts in Arcticseawater in scenario 2 are 8% (-HCH) to 21% (dacthal)of the amounts obtained in scenario 1. For all investigatedchemicals except -HCH, presence of snow and ice inthe model increases the concentration in air by a factorof 2 (HCB) to 10 (PBDE209). Because of reduced net depositionto snow-covered surfaces in high latitudes, LRT to theArctic is reduced for most chemicals whereas transportto the south is more pronounced than in scenario 1("southward shift"). The presence of snow and ice thusconsiderably changes the environmental fate of SOCs.
-HCH, and dacthal. In low latitudes,snow acts as a transfer medium taking up chemicals fromair and releasing them to water or soil during snowmelt.In high latitudes, snow and ice shield water, soil, andvegetation from chemical deposition. In the model versionincluding snow and ice (scenario 2), the mass of chemicalsin soil in high latitudes is between 27% (HCB) and 97% (-HCH) of the mass calculated with the model versionwithout snow and ice (scenario 1). Amounts in Arcticseawater in scenario 2 are 8% (-HCH) to 21% (dacthal)of the amounts obtained in scenario 1. For all investigatedchemicals except -HCH, presence of snow and ice inthe model increases the concentration in air by a factorof 2 (HCB) to 10 (PBDE209). Because of reduced net depositionto snow-covered surfaces in high latitudes, LRT to theArctic is reduced for most chemicals whereas transportto the south is more pronounced than in scenario 1("southward shift"). The presence of snow and ice thusconsiderably changes the environmental fate of SOCs.