Feasibility of Analyzing Fine Particulate Matter in Air Using Solid-Phase Extraction Membranes and Dynamic Subcritical Water Extraction
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- 作者：Johanna Tollbä ; ck ; Marí ; a Blasco Bigatá ; Carlo Crescenzi ; Johan Strö ; m
- 刊名：Analytical Chemistry
- 出版年：2008
- 出版时间：May 1, 2008
- 年：2008
- 卷：80
- 期：9
- 页码：3159 - 3167
- 全文大小：168K
- 年卷期：v.80,no.9(May 1, 2008)
- ISSN：1520-6882
文摘
We have evaluated the feasibility of using Empore solid-phase extraction (SPE) membranes as an alternative toconventional techniques for sampling fine airborne particulate matter (PM), including nanoparticles, utilizing ascanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a condensation particle counter to evaluate their efficiency for trapping fine particles in the 10-800 nm size range. Theresults demonstrate that the membranes can efficientlytrap these particles and can then be conveniently packedinto an extraction cell and extracted under matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) conditions. The potential utilityof sampling PM using Empore membranes followed bydynamic subcritical water extraction (DSWE) for fast,efficient, class-selective extraction of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with the particles, priorto changing the solvent and analysis by GC/MS, was thenexplored. The performance of the method was tested usingNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-certified "urban dust" reference material (SRM 1649a)and real samples collected at a site in central Rome withheavy road traffic. The method appears to provide comparable extraction efficiency to that of conventional techniques and with using GC/MS, detection limits ranged inthe few picograms per cubic meter level. Sampling PMby Empore membranes may reduce the risks of losses ofsemivolatile compounds, while allowing relatively highsampling flow rates and safe sample storage. Moreover,the combination of MSPD with DSWE permits specificfractions of the PM components to be eluted, therebygenerating clean extracts and reducing both analysis timeand sample manipulation.