The Occurrence of Organochlorines in Marine Avian Top Predators along a Latitudinal Gradient
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- 作者：Cecilie Steffen ; Katrine Borgå ; Janneche U. Skaare ; Jan Ove Bustnes
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2006
- 出版时间：August 15, 2006
- 年：2006
- 卷：40
- 期：16
- 页码：5139 - 5146
- 全文大小：469K
- 年卷期：v.40,no.16(August 15, 2006)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
The aim of this study was to determine the role of coldcondensation and fractionation on the occurrence oforganochlorine contaminants (OCs) in avian marine toppredators along a latitudinal gradient. We measured 24polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and six pesticideOCs in blood of great black-backed gulls (Larus marinus)from the Norwegian Coast (58
N-70N) and glaucous gulls(Larus hyperboreus) from Bj
rnya in the NorwegianArctic (74N). Glaucous gulls had up to 3 times higher
OC concentrations compared to the great black-backedgulls, and a OC pattern dominated largely by persistent andlow volatile compounds such as highly chlorinated PCBsand metabolites such as oxychlordane. This was not consistentwith cold condensation and fractionation theory, butprobably related to diet and elevated biomagnification.Among great black-backed gulls, however, there wereindications of both cold condensation and fractionation.Higher and lower chlorinated PCBs had highest absoluteconcentrations in the south and in the north, respectively,except for one location at an intermediate latitude,where concentrations of most OCs exceeded all otherlocations. In terms of proportional contribution to OC(pattern), relatively volatile OCs such as HCB, oxychlordaneand tri- to penta- PCB congeners were more importantat northern latitudes, while hexa- to nona-PCBs made upa larger proportion of OC in the south. The results thusshowed that differences in global distribution of compoundswith different physicochemical properties could be detectedin avian top predators such as large gulls, even ifbiomagnification and biotransformation influence both theabsolute concentrations and the patterns of OCs.
N-70N) and glaucous gulls(Larus hyperboreus) from Bjrnya in the NorwegianArctic (74N). Glaucous gulls had up to 3 times higherOC concentrations compared to the great black-backedgulls, and a OC pattern dominated largely by persistent andlow volatile compounds such as highly chlorinated PCBsand metabolites such as oxychlordane. This was not consistentwith cold condensation and fractionation theory, butprobably related to diet and elevated biomagnification.Among great black-backed gulls, however, there wereindications of both cold condensation and fractionation.Higher and lower chlorinated PCBs had highest absoluteconcentrations in the south and in the north, respectively,except for one location at an intermediate latitude,where concentrations of most OCs exceeded all otherlocations. In terms of proportional contribution to OC(pattern), relatively volatile OCs such as HCB, oxychlordaneand tri- to penta- PCB congeners were more importantat northern latitudes, while hexa- to nona-PCBs made upa larger proportion of OC in the south. The results thusshowed that differences in global distribution of compoundswith different physicochemical properties could be detectedin avian top predators such as large gulls, even ifbiomagnification and biotransformation influence both theabsolute concentrations and the patterns of OCs.