Countercurrent Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Fractionation of High-Added-Value Compounds from a Hexane Extract of Olive Leaves
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- 作者：Javier Tabera ; Á ; ngeles Guinda ; Alejandro Ruiz-Rodrí ; guez ; Francisco J. Señ ; orá ; ns ; Elena Ibá ; ñ ; ez ; Tomá ; s Albi ; and Guillermo Reglero
- 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- 出版年：2004
- 出版时间：July 28, 2004
- 年：2004
- 卷：52
- 期：15
- 页码：4774 - 4779
- 全文大小：90K
- 年卷期：v.52,no.15(July 28, 2004)
- ISSN：1520-5118
文摘
Countercurrent supercritical fluid extraction (CC-SFE) at a pilot scale plant was used for fractionationof high-added-value products from a raw extract of olive leaves in hexane. Compounds found in theraw extract were waxes, hydrocarbons, squalene, 
-carotene, triglycerides, 
-tocopherol, -sitosterol,and alcohols. The CC-SFE extraction process was investigated according to a 23 full factorialexperimental design using the following variables and ranges: extraction pressure, 75-200 bar;extraction temperature, 35-50 
C; and ethanol as modifier, 0-10%. Data were analyzed in terms ofextraction yield, enrichment, recovery, and selectivity. Higher extraction yields were attained at 200bar. For most of the compounds analyzed enrichment was attained at the same conditions, that is,75 bar, 35 C, and 10% ethanol. Hydrocarbons were usually recovered in the separators, whereaswaxes and -tocopherol remain in the raffinate. Selectivity data reveal that -tocopherol is the mosteasily separable compound. The influence of the experimental factors on the recovery of all thecompounds was studied by means of regression models. The best fitted model was attained for-sitosterol, with R 2 = 99.25%.Keywords: Olive leaves; solid-liquid (S-L) extraction; fractionation; countercurrent supercritical fluidextraction (CC-SFE); supercritical CO2; full factorial experimental design; waxes; hydrocarbons; squalene;-carotene; triglycerides; -tocopherol; -sitosterol; total alcohols
-carotene, triglycerides, -tocopherol, -sitosterol,and alcohols. The CC-SFE extraction process was investigated according to a 23 full factorialexperimental design using the following variables and ranges: extraction pressure, 75-200 bar;extraction temperature, 35-50 C; and ethanol as modifier, 0-10%. Data were analyzed in terms ofextraction yield, enrichment, recovery, and selectivity. Higher extraction yields were attained at 200bar. For most of the compounds analyzed enrichment was attained at the same conditions, that is,75 bar, 35 C, and 10% ethanol. Hydrocarbons were usually recovered in the separators, whereaswaxes and -tocopherol remain in the raffinate. Selectivity data reveal that -tocopherol is the mosteasily separable compound. The influence of the experimental factors on the recovery of all thecompounds was studied by means of regression models. The best fitted model was attained for-sitosterol, with R 2 = 99.25%.Keywords: Olive leaves; solid-liquid (S-L) extraction; fractionation; countercurrent supercritical fluidextraction (CC-SFE); supercritical CO2; full factorial experimental design; waxes; hydrocarbons; squalene;-carotene; triglycerides; -tocopherol; -sitosterol; total alcohols