Amorphous Red Phosphorus Embedded in Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with Superior Lithium and Sodium Storage Capacity

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• 作者：Weihan Li ; Zhenzhong Yang ; Minsi Li ; Yu Jiang ; Xiang Wei ; Xiongwu Zhong ; Lin Gu ; Yan Yu
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 9, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：16
• 期：3
• 页码：1546-1553
• 全文大小：628K
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

Red phosphorus (P) have been considered as one of the most promising anode material for both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and (NIBs), because of its high theoretical capacity. However, natural insulating property and the large volume expansion of red P during cycling lead to poor cyclability and low rate performance, which prevents its practical application. Here, we significantly improves both lithium storage and sodium storage performance of red P by confining nanosized amorphous red P into the mesoporous carbon matrix (P@CMK-3) using a vaporization–condensation–conversion process. The P@CMK-3 shows a high reversible specific capacity of ∼2250 mA h g^–1 based on the mass of red P at 0.25 C (∼971 mA h g^–1 based on the composite), excellent rate performance of 1598 and 624 mA h g^–1 based on the mass of red P at 6.1 and 12 C, respectively (562 and 228 mA h g^–1 based on the mass of the composite at 6.1 and 12 C, respectively) and significantly enhanced cycle life of 1150 mA h g^–1 based on the mass of red P at 5 C (500 mA h g^–1 based on the mass of the composite) after 1000 cycles for LIBs. For Na ions, it also displays a reversible capacity of 1020 mA h g^–1 based on the mass of red P (370 mA h g^–1 based on the mass of the composite) after 210 cycles at 5C. The significantly improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the unique structure that combines a variety of advantages: easy access of electrolyte to the open channel structure, short transport path of ions through carbon toward the red P, and high ionic and electronic conductivity.