This paper presents the first in vivo application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS was used toobtain quantitative in vivo glucose measurements from ananimal model. Silver film over nanosphere surfaces werefunctionalized with a two-component self-assembled monolayer, and subcutaneously implanted in a Sprague-Dawley rat such that the glucose concentration of theinterstitial fluid could be measured by spectroscopicallyaddressing the sensor through an optical window. Thesensor had relatively low error (RMSEC = 7.46 mg/dL(0.41 mM) and RMSEP = 53.42 mg/dL (2.97 mM).