FIP-fve is a fungal immunomodulatory protein purified from
Flammulina velutipes, an edible goldenneedle mushroom thought to possess potent immunomodulatory properties. When examined for itseffects on lymphocytes, FIP-fve exhibited potent mitogenic effects on human peripheral bloodlymphocytes, inducing G1/G0 to S phase proliferation. T cells activated by FIP-fve show significantproduction and secretion of interferon-
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(IFN-
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) associated with intercellular adhesion molecule 1expression but low detectable levels of interleukin-4 in vitro or in vivo. However, SB203580, the p38mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor, can fully abolish the production of IFN-
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inducedby FIP-fve. At the same time, SB203580 only partially prevents the lymphocytes from progressingfrom G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. These findings demonstrate that FIP-fve is a potent T-cellactivator, mediating its effects via cytokine regulation of p38 MAPK. The immunoprophylatic effectsof FIP-fve in Th2-mediated allergic anaphylaxis are believed to be associated with the ability of FIP-fve to enhance activation of IFN-
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-releasing Th1 cells.Keywords: Fungal immunomodulatory protein; IFN-
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; p38