Determination of Carotenoids, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Araz谩 (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh), an Amazonian Fruit
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- 作者：G. Astrid Garz贸n ; Carlos-Eduardo Narv谩ez-Cuenca ; Rachel E. Kopec ; Andrew M. Barry ; Kenneth M. Riedl ; Steven J. Schwartz
- 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：May 9, 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：60
- 期：18
- 页码：4709-4717
- 全文大小：293K
- 年卷期：v.60,no.18(May 9, 2012)
- ISSN：1520-5118
文摘
The fruit of Araz谩 (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) native to the Colombian Amazon is considered a potentially economically valuable fruit for the Andean economy due to its novel and unique taste. The fruit has an intense yellow color, but its chemical composition and properties have not been well studied. Here we report the identification and quantitation of carotenoids in the ripe fruit using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector (PDA) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APcI) mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The qualitative carotenoid profile of the fruit according to maturity stage was also observed. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of the peel and pulp were assessed using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2,2鈥?azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, in addition to chemical indexes and total phenolic content. Multiple carotenoids were identified in the peel and pulp including four xanthophylls (free and esterified as their mono and diesters) and two carotenes. One of the xanthophylls was tentatively identified as zeinoxanthin, while the others were identified as lutein, zeaxanthin, and 尾-cryptoxanthin. Carotenes included 伪-carotene and 尾-carotene. The total carotenoid content was significantly higher in the peel (2484 卤 421 渭g/100 g FW) than in the pulp (806 卤 348 渭g/100 g FW) with lutein, 尾-cryptoxanthin, and zeinoxanthin as the major carotenoid components. The unique carotenoid composition of this fruit can differentiate it from other carotenoid-rich fruits and perhaps be useful in authentication procedures. Overall, results from this study suggest that Colombian Araz谩 may be a good edible source of carotenoids important in retinal health as well as carotenoids with provitamin A activity. Therefore, Araz谩 fruit can be used as a nutraceutical ingredient and in production of functional foods in the Colombian diet.