PM-10 Exhaust Samples Collected during IM-240 Dynamometer Tests of In-Service Vehicles in Nevada
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- 作者：John C. Sagebiel ; Barbara Zielinska ; Patricia A. Walsh ; Judith C. Chow ; Steven H. Cadle ; Patricia A. Mulawa ; Kenneth T. Knapp ; Roy B. Zweidinger ; and Richard Snow
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：1997
- 出版时间：January 1997
- 年：1997
- 卷：31
- 期：1
- 页码：75 - 83
- 全文大小：346K
- 年卷期：v.31,no.1(January 1997)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Twenty-three vehicles that were recruited by remotesensing and roadside inspection and maintenance (I/M)checks during the 1994 Clark and Washoe Remote SensingStudy (CAWRSS) were tested on the IM240 cycle usinga transportable dynamometer. Six of these vehiclesemittedvisible smoke. Total gas-phase hydrocarbon (HC),carbonmonoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx)exhaustconcentrations were continuously measured in the dilutedexhaust stream from the constant volume sampler (CVS)during IM240 testing. Two isokinetic PM-10 sampleswerecollected simultaneously using cyclones and filter holdersconnected to a dilution tube. Teflon filters were collectedfortotal mass and then extracted for chloride, nitrate, andsulfate ions. Quartz filters were analyzed by thethermal/optical reflectance method for organic and elementalcarbon. The quartz filters and backup vapor trapswerethen extracted and analyzed by GC/MS for 28 separate polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Mass emission rates ofPM-10 per vehicle ranged from 5.6 to over 1300 mg/mi,with most of the mass attributable to carbon. Except foronevehicle with high sulfate emissions, the ion emissionswererelatively low. Total PAH emissions were in the rangeof10-200 mg/mi.