Catalytically Upgrading Bio-oil via Esterification

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• 作者：Yichen Liu ; Zhonglai Li ; James J. Leahy ; Witold Kwapinski
• 刊名：Energy & Fuels
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 18, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：29
• 期：6
• 页码：3691-3698
• 全文大小：417K
• ISSN：1520-5029

文摘

Sulfated ZrO₂鈥揟iO₂ mixed oxides with different loading ratios were synthesized using a deposition precipitation approach. All catalysts were characterized by Brunauer鈥揈mmett鈥揟eller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the activities for esterification were compared using acetic acid and ethanol as the model reaction. A total of 93.7% acetic acid was converted into ester when 50 wt % ZrO₂ loading catalyst was applied at 100 掳C. The characterizations of original and upgraded bio-oil via esterification by applying sulfated 50 wt % ZrO₂鈥揟iO₂ loading ratio catalyst were investigated. After upgrading, fuel properties of pyrolysis oil improved. Acetic acid peak area percentage dropped remarkably from 15.87 to 0.774%, indicating that the properties of bio-oil were enhanced by SO₄^{2鈥?/sup>/ZrO₂鈥揟iO₂ catalytic esterification. Because of ethanol addition, the water content in bio-oil decreased from 40 to 16.9% and the high heating value increased from 8.08 to 22.7 kJ/g.}