文摘
Ru/MgO catalysts have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Significant part (up to 75%) of supported metal was found to exist in an X-ray amorphous state with the particle size smaller than 3 nm. The analysis of the spectra belonging to the core levels and the valence zone showed that the X-ray amorphous part of ruthenium may exist in the forms of both metal and oxide clusters and nanoparticles depending on the ruthenium precursor.