Accumulation of Contaminants in Fish from Wastewater Treatment Wetlands

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• 作者：Larry B. Barber ; Steffanie H. Keefe ; Ronald C. Antweiler ; Howard E. Taylor ; and Roland D. Wass
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2006
• 出版时间：January 15, 2006
• 年：2006
• 卷：40
• 期：2
• 页码：603 - 611
• 全文大小：1070K
• 年卷期：v.40,no.2(January 15, 2006)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Increasing demands on water resources in arid environmentsmake reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewateran important component of the water budget. Treatmentwetlands can be an integral part of the water-reuse cycleproviding both water-quality enhancement and habitatfunctions. When used for habitat, the bioaccumulationpotential of contaminants in the wastewater is a criticalconsideration. Water and fish samples collected from theTres Rios Demonstration Constructed Wetlands nearPhoenix, Arizona, which uses secondary-treated wastewaterto maintain an aquatic ecosystem in a desert environment,were analyzed for hydrophobic organic compounds(HOC) and trace elements. Semipermeable membranedevices (SPMD) were deployed to investigate uptake ofHOC. The wetlands effectively removed HOC, andconcentrations of herbicides, pesticides, and organicwastewater contaminants decreased 40-99% betweeninlet and outlet. Analysis of Tilapia mossambica and Gambusiaaffinis indicated accumulation of HOC, including p,p'-DDE and trans-nonachlor. The SPMD accumulated theHOC detected in the fish tissue as well as additionalcompounds. Trace-element concentrations in whole-fishtissue were highly variable, but were similar between thetwo species. Concentrations of HOC and trace elementsvaried in different fish tissue compartments, and concentrations in Tilapia liver tissue were greater than thosein the whole organism or filet tissue. Bioconcentrationfactors for the trace elements ranged from 5 to 58 000 andfor the HOC ranged from 530 to 150 000.