文摘
A comprehensive compositional analysis was conducted on biofuel obtained from woody biomass hydroliquefaction in supercritical ethanol with a dispersed Ni-based catalyst. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to analyze the bio-oil compositions, and the results indicated the presence of carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, aldehyde, ketone, phenol, and its derivatives. As a result of the inherent limitations of these techniques, an intensive compositional characterization of bio-oil was accomplished through Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results revealed that the dominant oxygen-containing compounds were O2–O13 with double bond equivalent (DBE) values of 1–20 and carbon numbers of 10–25. The minor N1Ox class species with 4–15 carbon numbers and 10–35 DBE were also detected. The use of FT-ICR MS provided an in-depth compositional analysis of liquefaction-derived oil and would improve the understanding of biocrude for further process upgrading.