Structure-Guided Design of AMP Mimics That Inhibit Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with High Affinity and Specificity
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- 作者：Mark D. Erion ; Qun Dang ; M. Rami Reddy ; Srinivas Rao Kasibhatla ; Jingwei Huang ; William N. Lipscomb ; Paul D. van Poelje
- 刊名：Journal of the American Chemical Society
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：December 19, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：129
- 期：50
- 页码：15480 - 15490
- 全文大小：469K
- 年卷期：v.129,no.50(December 19, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5126
文摘
AMP binding sites are commonly used by nature for allosteric regulation of enzymes controllingthe production and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Since many of these enzymes represent potentialdrug targets for metabolic diseases, efforts were initiated to discover AMP mimics that bind to AMP-bindingsites with high affinity and high enzyme specificity. Herein we report the structure-guided design of potentfructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitors that interact with the AMP binding site on FBPase despitetheir structural dissimilarity to AMP. Molecular modeling, free-energy perturbation calculations, X-raycrystallography, and enzyme kinetic data guided our redesign of AMP, which began by replacing the 5'-phosphate with a phosphonic acid attached to C8 of the adenine base via a 3-atom spacer. Additionalbinding affinity was gained by replacing the ribose with an alkyl group that formed van der Waals interactionswith a hydrophobic region within the AMP binding site and by replacing the purine nitrogens N1 and N3with carbons to minimize desolvation energy expenditures. The resulting benzimidazole phosphonic acid,16, inhibited human FBPase (IC50 = 90 nM) 11-fold more potently than AMP and exhibited high specificityfor the AMP binding site on FBPase. 16 also inhibited FBPase in primary rat hepatocytes and correspondinglyresulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of the gluconeogenesis pathway. Accordingly, these resultssuggest that the AMP site of FBPase may represent a potential drug target for reducing the excessiveglucose produced by the gluconeogenesis pathway in patients with type 2 diabetes.