Volatile Aldehydes Are Promising Broad-Spectrum Postharvest Insecticides

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• 作者：David G. Hammond ; Sergio Rangel ; and Isao Kubo
• 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• 出版年：2000
• 出版时间：September 2000
• 年：2000
• 卷：48
• 期：9
• 页码：4410 - 4417
• 全文大小：100K
• 年卷期：v.48,no.9(September 2000)
• ISSN：1520-5118

文摘

A variety of naturally occurring aldehydes common in plants have been evaluated for theirinsecticidal activity and for phytotoxicity to postharvest fruits, vegetables, and grains. Twenty-nine compounds were initially screened for their activity against aphids on fava bean leaf disks.Application under reduced pressure (partial vacuum) for the first quarter of fumigation increasedinsecticidal activity severalfold. The 11 best aldehydes were assayed against aphids placed underthe third leaf of whole heads of iceberg lettuce using the same two-tier reduced-pressure regime,which caused no additional detriment to the commodity over fumigation at atmospheric pressure.Phytotoxicity to naked and wrapped iceburg lettuce, green and red table grapes, lemon, grapefruit,orange, broccoli, avocado, cabbage, pinto bean, and rice at doses that killed 100% of aphids wasrecorded for three promising fumigants: propanal, (E)-2-pentenal, and 2-methyl-(E)-2-butenal. Thesethree compounds have excellent potential as affordable postharvest insect control agents, killing100% of the aphids with little or no detectable harm to a majority of the commodities tested.Preliminary assays indicate that similar doses are also effective against mealybugs, thrips, andwhitefly.Keywords: Aldehyde; insecticide; fumigant; disinfestation; quarantine