High Levels of Ergonovine and Lysergic Acid Amide in Toxic Achnatherum inebrians Accompany Infection by an Acremonium-like Endophytic Fungus

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• 作者：Christopher O. Miles ; Geoffrey A. Lane ; Margaret E. di Menna ; Ian Garthwaite ; Edgar L. Piper ; Olivier J.-P. Ball ; Garrick C. M. Latch ; John M. Allen ; Martin B. Hunt ; Lowell P. Bush ; Feng Ke Min ; Ian F
• 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• 出版年：1996
• 出版时间：May 1996
• 年：1996
• 卷：44
• 期：5
• 页码：1285 - 1290
• 全文大小：162K
• 年卷期：v.44,no.5(May 1996)
• ISSN：1520-5118

文摘

Achnatherum inebrians (drunken horse grass) causes symptomsin sheep and horses reminiscentof ergot alkaloid intoxication. Microscopical examination of seedand leaf tissues revealed thepresence of an endophytic fungus that did not produce spores when grownin culture and whichwas serologically related to endophytic Acremonium speciesof the Albo-lanosa section Morgan-Jones & Gams. ELISA indicated the presence of high concentrationsof ergot alkaloids. Ergonovineand lysergic acid amide were identified by HPLC-at levels up to 2500and 400 mg kg^-1,respectively-as the major ergot alkaloids by their retention timesand their UV and fluorescencescans. Their identities were confirmed by HPLC analysis ofepimerized extracts, and the identityof ergonovine was further confirmed by high-resolution FAB-MS andHPLC-FAB-MS. These arethe highest levels of ergonovine and lysergic acid amide so farreported in an endophyte-infectedgrass, and the similarity of many of the symptoms of A.inebrians intoxication to those previouslyreported for ergonovine and lysergic acid amide implicates thesealkaloids as causative agents ofthe toxicosis. Endophyte-free A. inebrians did notcontain detectable levels of ergot alkaloids andmay therefore be useful for stock fodder. A. inebrianswas also examined for the presence of otheralkaloids that are commonly found in endophyte-grass associations.N-Acetylloline and N-formylloline were not detected by GC, and peramine was not detected byHPLC, in endophyte-infected A. inebrians. However, ELISA andHPLC analyses were consistent with the presence oflow levels of analogues of the indole-diterpenoids paxilline andlolitrem B.Keywords: Achnatherum inebrians; Stipa inebrians;Acremonium; endophyte; ergonovine; ergonovinine; lysergic acid amide; isolysergic acid amide