Visible Light Sensitized Inactivation of MS-2 Bacteriophage by a Cationic Amine-Functionalized C60 Derivative

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• 作者：Min Cho ; Jaesang Lee ; Yuri Mackeyev ; Lon J. Wilson ; Pedro J. J. Alvarez ; Joseph B. Hughes ; Jae-Hong Kim
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：September 1, 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：44
• 期：17
• 页码：6685-6691
• 全文大小：342K
• 年卷期：v.44,no.17(September 1, 2010)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Recently, we reported the successful synthesis of various hexakis C₆₀ derivatives (i.e., C₆₀ with six functional groups containing NH₃⁺-, CO₂H-, or OH-terminals) with enhanced stability in water for aqueous phase application (Lee et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, pp 6604−6610). Among these newly synthesized C₆₀ derivatives, the cationic hexakis C₆₀ derivative with amine functionality, C₆₀(CR₂)₆ (R = CO₂(CH₂)₂NH₃⁺CF₃CO₂⁻), was found to exhibit remarkable efficiency to inactivate Escherichia coli and MS-2 bacteriophage under UVA irradiation. Herein, we report that this amine-functionalized C₆₀ derivative is also photoactive in response to visible light from both commercial fluorescence lamps and sunlight. Efficient production of ¹O₂, facile reaction of ¹O₂ with proteins in MS-2 phage capsid and electrostatic attraction between positively charged C₆₀ derivative and negatively charged MS-2 phage collectively contributed to high efficiency of MS-2 phage inactivation in this photocatalytic disinfection system. The rate of ¹O₂ production was evaluated using a probe compound, furfuryl alcohol, and ¹O₂ CT (the product of ¹O₂ concentration and exposure time) required to achieve a target level of virus inactivation was quantitatively analyzed. The unique visible-light sensitized virucidal property makes this C₆₀ derivative highly desirable for the development of sustainable disinfection strategies that do not require continuous chemical addition nor an external energy source other than ambient light.