Turkevich in New Robes: Key Questions Answered for the Most Common Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

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• 作者：Maria Wuithschick ; Alexander Birnbaum ; Steffen Witte ; Michael Sztucki ; Ulla Vainio ; Nicola Pinna ; Klaus Rademann ; Franziska Emmerling ; Ralph Kraehnert ; J枚rg Polte
• 刊名：ACS Nano
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：July 28, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：9
• 期：7
• 页码：7052-7071
• 全文大小：1081K
• ISSN：1936-086X

文摘

This contribution provides a comprehensive mechanistic picture of the gold nanoparticle synthesis by citrate reduction of HAuCl₄, known as Turkevich method, by addressing five key questions. The synthesis leads to monodisperse final particles as a result of a seed-mediated growth mechanism. In the initial phase of the synthesis, seed particles are formed onto which the residual gold is distributed during the course of reaction. It is shown that this mechanism is a fortunate coincidence created by a favorable interplay of several chemical and physicochemical processes which initiate but also terminate the formation of seed particles and prevent the formation of further particles at later stages of reaction. Since no further particles are formed after seed particle formation, the number of seeds defines the final total particle number and therefore the final size. The gained understanding allows illustrating the influence of reaction conditions on the growth process and thus the final size distribution.