Impact of Torrefaction on the Chemical Structure of Birch Wood

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• 作者：Tooran Khazraie Shoulaifar ; Nikolai DeMartini ; Stefan Willf枚r ; Andrey Pranovich ; Annika I. Smeds ; Tommi Antti Petteri Virtanen ; Sirkka-Liisa Maunu ; Fred Verhoeff ; Jacop H. A. Kiel ; Mikko Hupa
• 刊名：Energy & Fuels
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：June 19, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：28
• 期：6
• 页码：3863-3872
• 全文大小：324K
• 年卷期：v.28,no.6(June 19, 2014)
• ISSN：1520-5029

文摘

Torrefaction is the thermal pretreatment of biomass at temperatures of 200鈥?00 掳C in an inert atmosphere with the objectives of improving resistance to biodegradation, reducing hydrophilicity, improving grindability and increasing energy density. In this work, we studied the effect of torrefaction temperature (240鈥?80 掳C) on the chemistry of birch wood. The samples were from a pilot plant at ECN, and in that way, they were representative of industrially produced samples. We have measured the concentration of hemicellulose and cellulose; changes in the extractives content and composition; and in the lignin structure. We used acid methanolysis and acid hydrolysis for hemicellulose and cellulose analysis, respectively; Klason lignin method, ¹³C CP-MAS NMR, Dipolar Dephasing NMR, and Py-GC-MS analysis for lignin characterization; and acetone extraction, HPSEC, GC-FID, and GC-MS analysis for extractives characterization. The results provide a more complete picture of the chemical changes in wood by torrefaction.