Two-Dimensional Magnesium Phosphate Nanosheets Form Highly Thixotropic Gels That Up-Regulate Bone Formation

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• 作者：Marco Laurenti ; Ahmed Al Subaie ; Mohamed-Nur Abdallah ; Arthur R. G. Cortes ; Jerome L. Ackerman ; Hojatollah Vali ; Kaustuv Basu ; Yu Ling Zhang ; Monzur Murshed ; Satu Strandman ; Julian Zhu ; Nicholas Makhoul ; Jake E. Barralet ; Faleh Tamimi
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：August 10, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：16
• 期：8
• 页码：4779-4787
• 全文大小：676K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

Hydrogels composed of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have become an important alternative to replace traditional inorganic scaffolds for tissue engineering. Here, we describe a novel nanocrystalline material with 2D morphology that was synthesized by tuning the crystallization of the sodium-magnesium-phosphate system. We discovered that the sodium ion can regulate the precipitation of magnesium phosphate by interacting with the crystal’s surface causing a preferential crystal growth that results in 2D morphology. The 2D nanomaterial gave rise to a physical hydrogel that presented extreme thixotropy, injectability, biocompatibility, bioresorption, and long-term stability. The nanocrystalline material was characterized in vitro and in vivo and we discovered that it presented unique biological properties. Magnesium phosphate nanosheets accelerated bone healing and osseointegration by enhancing collagen formation, osteoblasts differentiation, and osteoclasts proliferation through up-regulation of COL1A1, RunX2, ALP, OCN, and OPN. In summary, the 2D magnesium phosphate nanosheets could bring a paradigm shift in the field of minimally invasive orthopedic and craniofacial interventions because it is the only material available that can be injected through high gauge needles into bone defects in order to accelerate bone healing and osseointegration.