The
in vitro labeling of therapeuti
c cells with nanoparti
cles (NPs) is be
coming more and more
common, but
con
cerns about the possible effe
cts of the NPs on the
cultured
cells are also in
creasing. In the present work, we evaluate the effe
cts of poly(metha
cryli
c a
cid)-
coated 4 nm diameter Au NPs on a variety of sensitive and therapeuti
cally interesting
cell types (C17.2 neural progenitor
cells, human umbili
cal vein endothelial
cells, and PC12 rat pheo
chromo
cytoma
cells) using a multiparametri
c approa
ch. Using various NP
con
centrations and in
cubation times, we performed a stepwise analysis of the NP effe
cts on
cell viability, rea
ctive oxygen spe
cies,
cell morphology,
cytoskeleton ar
chite
cture, and
cell fun
ctionality. The data show that higher NP
con
centrations (200 nM) redu
ce
cell viability mostly through indu
ction of rea
ctive oxygen spe
cies, whi
ch was signifi
cantly indu
ced at
con
centrations of 50 nM Au NPs or higher. At these
con
centrations, both a
ctin and tubulin
cytoskeleton were deformed and resulted in redu
ced
cell proliferation and
cellular differentiation. In terms of
cell fun
ctionality, the NPs signifi
cantly impeded neurite outgrowth of PC12
cells up to 20 nM
con
centrations. At 10 nM, no signifi
cant effe
cts on any
cellular parameter
could be observed. These data highlight the importan
ce of using multiple assays to
cover the broad spe
ctrum of
cell鈥揘P intera
ctions and to determine safe NP
con
centrations and put forward the des
cribed proto
col as a possible template for future
cell鈥揘P intera
ction studies under
comparable and standardized
conditions.
Keywords:
cs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&searchText=gold+nanoparticles&qsSearchArea=searchText">gold nanoparticles; cs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&searchText=nanotoxicology&qsSearchArea=searchText">nanotoxicology; cs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&searchText=cytotoxicity&qsSearchArea=searchText">cytotoxicity; cs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&searchText=biocompatibility&qsSearchArea=searchText">biocompatibility; cs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&searchText=nanoparticle%E2%88%92cell+interaction&qsSearchArea=searchText">nanoparticle鈭抍ell interaction