Chlordanes in the Indoor and Outdoor Air of Three U.S. Cities

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• 作者：John H. Offenberg ; Yelena Y. Naumova ; Barbara J. Turpin ; Steven J. Eisenreich ; Maria T. Morandi ; Thomas Stock ; Steven D. Colome ; Arthur M. Winer ; Dalia M. Spektor ; Jim Zhang ; and Clifford P. Weisel
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2004
• 出版时间：May 15, 2004
• 年：2004
• 卷：38
• 期：10
• 页码：2760 - 2768
• 全文大小：157K
• 年卷期：v.38,no.10(May 15, 2004)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Indoor and outdoor concentrations of six chlordanecomponents (trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and MC5) weremeasured at 157 residences, all of which were inhabited bynonsmoking individuals, in three urban areas duringJune 1999-May 2000. The analyses were conducted on asubset of 48 h integrated samples collected in LosAngeles County, CA, Houston, TX, and Elizabeth, NJwithin the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor, and PersonalAir (RIOPA) study. Both particle-bound (PM2.5; quartz fiberfilter) and vapor-phase (PUF sorbant) chlordane concentrations were separately measured by GC/EI MS after solventextraction. The outdoor (gas + particle) total chlordane(trans-chlordane + cis-chlordane + trans-nonachlor + cis-nonachlor) concentrations ranged from 0.036 to 4.27 ngm^-3 in Los Angeles County, from 0.008 to 11.00 ng m^-3 inElizabeth, and from 0.062 to 1.77 ng m^-3 in Houston. Thecorresponding indoor total chlordane concentrationsranged from 0.037 to 112.0 ng m^-3 in Los Angeles County,from 0.260 to 31.80 ng m^-3 in Elizabeth, and from 0.410to 38.90 ng m^-3 in Houston study homes. Geometric meanconcentrations were higher in indoor air than outdoorair (1.98 vs 0.58 ng m^-3 in CA; 1.30 vs 0.17 ng m^-3 in NJ;4.18 vs 0.28 ng m^-3 in TX), which suggests there are significantindoor sources of chlordane species in a subset ofhomes in each of the three cities. Calculated sourcestrengths relate to home age, with the highest apparentindoor source strengths occurring in unattached single-family homes built during the period from 1945 to 1959.Principle indoor sources of chlordanes likely includevolatilization from residues of indoor application of chlordanesand infiltration from subsurface and foundation applicationof chlordane-containing termiticides during homeconstruction.