Microsclerodermins from Terrestrial Myxobacteria: An Intriguing Biosynthesis Likely Connected to a Sponge Symbiont

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• 作者：Thomas Hoffmann ; Stefan M眉ller ; Suvd Nadmid ; Ronald Garcia ; Rolf M眉ller
• 刊名：Journal of the American Chemical Society
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：November 13, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：135
• 期：45
• 页码：16904-16911
• 全文大小：408K
• 年卷期：v.135,no.45(November 13, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5126

文摘

The microsclerodermins are unusual peptide natural products exhibiting potent antifungal activity reported from marine sponges of the genera Microscleroderma and Theonella. We here describe a variety of microbial producers of microsclerodermins and pedeins among myxobacteria along with the isolation of several new derivatives. A retrobiosynthetic approach led to the identification of microsclerodermin biosynthetic gene clusters in genomes of Sorangium and Jahnella species, allowing for the first time insights into the intriguing hybrid PKS/NRPS machinery required for microsclerodermin formation. This study reveals the biosynthesis of a 鈥渕arine natural product鈥?in a terrestrial myxobacterium where even the identical structure is available from both sources. Thus, the newly identified terrestrial producers provide access to additional chemical diversity; moreover, they are clearly more amenable to production optimization and genetic modification than the original source from the marine habitat. As sponge metagenome data strongly suggest the presence of associated myxobacteria, our findings underpin the recent notion that many previously described 鈥渟ponge metabolites鈥?might in fact originate from such microbial symbionts.