Determination of Benzotriazole and Benzophenone UV Filters in Sediment and Sewage Sludge

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• 作者：Zifeng Zhang ; Nanqi Ren ; Yi-Fan Li ; Tatsuya Kunisue ; Dawen Gao ; Kurunthachalam Kannan
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：May 1, 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：45
• 期：9
• 页码：3909-3916
• 全文大小：910K
• 年卷期：v.45,no.9(May 1, 2011)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Benzophenones and benzotriazoles are widely used as ultraviolet (UV) light filters and stabilizers in cosmetics, skin creams, and body lotions and as corrosion inhibitors in building materials, automobile components, and automotive antifreeze cooling systems. Benzophenones and benzotriazoles have been reported to occur in the environment. Some of these UV filters have been reported to possess significant estrogenic activity. Despite this, very few studies have examined their occurrence and profiles in the environment. In this work, we determined five benzophenone-type UV filters and two benzotriazole-type corrosion inhibitors, namely, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2OH-4MeO-BP), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,4OH-BP), 2,2鈥?dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2,2鈥睴H-4MeO-BP), 2,2鈥?4,4鈥?tetrahydroxybenzophenone (2,2鈥?4,4鈥睴H-BP), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4OH-BP), 1H-benzotriazole (1H-BT), and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5Me-1H-BT), in sediment and sewage sludge samples, using liquid鈭抣iquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC鈭扢S/MS). In addition, four benzotriazole-type UV stabilizers, namely, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-326), 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl) phenol (UV-327), 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2yl)-4,6-di-t-pentylphenol (UV-328), and 2-(5-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole (TBHPBT) were determined by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.06鈭?.33 ng g^鈭? dry weight (dw) and 0.1鈭?.65 ng g^鈭? dw for sediment and sludge samples, respectively. Recoveries of target compounds spiked into sample matrices and passed through the entire analytical procedure ranged from 70% to 116% (RSD: 3.32鈭?3.8%) and from 82% to 106% (RSD: 2.89鈭?.09%) for the compounds analyzed by LC鈭扢S/MS and GC鈭扢S, respectively. The methods were applied to the analysis of sediment samples from the Songhua, Saginaw, and Detroit Rivers; the sum concentrations of target compounds were 3.29鈭?.93, 5.81鈭?2.5, and 190鈭?89 ng g^鈭? dw, respectively. Five sludge samples collected from five wastewater treatment plants in northeastern China contained the sum concentrations of target compounds in the range of 104鈭?370 ng g^鈭? dw. The concentration of UV-328 in sludge was the highest (mean: 1300 ng g^鈭? dw) among the target compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first work to report the occurrence of 2OH-4MeO-BP, 2,4OH-BP, 2,2鈥睴H-4MeO-BP, 2,2鈥?4,4鈥睴H-BP, and 4OH-BP in sediment and sludge samples.