Does Shape Matter? Bioeffects of Gold Nanomaterials in a Human Skin Cell Model

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• 作者：Nicole M. Schaeublin ; Laura K. Braydich-Stolle ; Elizabeth I. Maurer ; Kyoungweon Park ; Robert I. MacCuspie ; A. R. M. Nabiul Afrooz ; Richard A. Vaia ; Navid B. Saleh ; Saber M. Hussain
• 刊名：Langmuir
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：February 14, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：28
• 期：6
• 页码：3248-3258
• 全文大小：540K
• 年卷期：v.28,no.6(February 14, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5827

文摘

Gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) have distinctive electronic and optical properties, making them ideal candidates for biological, medical, and defense applications. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the potential biological impact of AuNMs before employing them in any application. This study investigates two AuNMs with different aspect ratios (AR) on mediation of biological responses in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) to model potential skin exposure to these AuNMs. The cellular responses were evaluated by cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, alteration in gene and protein expression, and inflammatory response. Gold nanospheres, nominally 20 nm in diameter and coated with mercaptopropane sulfonate (AuNS鈥揗PS), formed agglomerates when dispersed in cell culture media, had a large fractal dimension (Db>fb> = 2.57 卤 0.4) (i.e., tightly bound and densely packed) and were found to be nontoxic even at the highest dose of 100 渭g/mL. Highly uniform, 16.7 nm diameter, and 43.8 nm long polyethylene glycol-capped gold nanorods (AuNR鈥揚EG) also formed agglomerates when dispersed into the cell culture media. However, the agglomerates had a smaller fractal dimension (Db>fb> = 1.28 卤 0.08) (i.e., loosely bound) and were found to be cytotoxic to the HaCaT cells, with a significant decrease in cell viability occurring at 25 渭g/mL and higher. Moreover, AuNR鈥揚EG caused significant ROS production and up-regulated several genes involved in cellular stress and toxicity. These results, combined with increased levels of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins, demonstrated that the AuNR鈥揚EG induced apoptosis. Exposure to AuNS鈥揗PS, however, did not show any of the detrimental effects observed from the AuNR鈥揚EG. Therefore, we conclude that shape appears to play a key role in mediating the cellular response to AuNMs.